Array in 'C' Language Part II

Applications of an Array :
Let's summarize some important applications of array :

1) Linear Search :
  • Linear search is process of searching for an element in array by comparing respective element with each element of array sequentially.
  • If match is found indicates element is present in array thus search process must stop there. 
  • If match is not found then search must end on last element of array by concluding that element is not present in array.
  • Sample program :

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int key,num[10],i,n,flag=0;
    //accepting size of array
    printf("\n Enter How many elements in array : ");
    scanf("%d",&n);
//Accepting array elements 
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
   printf("\n Enter %d th element :",i);
   scanf("%d",&num[i]);
}
//displaying array
    printf ("\n Elements in array are:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
   printf(" %d ",num[i]);
printf ("\n Enter element to be search in above array   :");
scanf("%d",&key);
//searching process
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
{
    if(num[i]==key)
    {
        //changinxg flag since element found
        flag=1;
       //stop search
        break;
     }
}
if(flag==1)
    printf ("\n %d is found in array ",key);
else
     printf("\n %d is not found in array",key);
return 0;
}

Output 1:
Enter How many elements in array : 6
Enter 0 th element : 76
Enter 1 th element : 55
Enter 2 th element : 7
Enter 3 th element : 98
Enter 4 th element : 14
Enter 5 th element : 78
Elements in array are:
   76    55   7   98   14   78
Enter element to be search in above array   : 55
55 is found in array


Output 2 :
Enter How many elements in array : 6
Enter 0 th element : 76
Enter 1 th element : 55
Enter 2 th element : 7
Enter 3 th element : 98
Enter 4 th element : 14
Enter 5 th element : 78
Elements in array are:
   76    55   7   98   14   78
Enter element to be search in above array   : 65
65 is not found in array

 2) Storing and displaying Matrix :

  • Matrix is simply a two dimensional array having 'm' rows and 'n' columns in it.
  • We can perform various matrix operations with the help of array.
  • Sample program for storing and displaying matrix is as follow :
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
    int mat[10][10];
    int row,col,i,j;
    //accepting size of matrix
    printf("\n Enter how many rows and columns in matrix:");
    scanf("%d%d",&row,&col);
    //accepting elements of matrix
    for(i=0;i<row;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<col;j++)
        {
            printf("\n Enter element at %d %d",i,j);
            scanf("%d",&mat[i][j]);
        }
    }
 
    //displaying matrix
    printf("\n Matrix is :\n");
    for(i=0;i<row;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<col;j++)
         printf("\t%d",mat[i][j]);
    }
    return 0;
}

Output :
Enter how many rows and columns in matrix: 2
2
Enter element at 00 45
Enter element at 01 67
Enter element at 10 78
Enter element at 11 98
Matrix is :
      45      67     78     98
3) Addition of Matrix :

  • Addition of matrix can be performed only if they are of same order that means if number of rows and columns in both matrices is same.
  • Program 

#include<stdio.h>

int main() {

    int mat1[10][10],mat2[10][10],add[10][10];

    int row,col,row2,col2,i,j;

    //accepting size of matrix1

    printf("\n Enter how many rows and columns in matrix1:");

    scanf("%d%d",&row,&col);

    //accepting elements of matrix2

    for(i=0;i<row;i++)

    {
        for(j=0;j<col;j++)

        {
            printf("\n Enter element at %d %d: ",i,j);
            scanf("%d",&mat1[i][j]);

        }

    }

   

    //displaying matrix1

    printf("\n Matrix1 is :\n");

    for(i=0;i<row;i++)

    {

        for(j=0;j<col;j++)
         printf("\t%d",mat1[i][j]);
      printf("\n");
    }
    
    printf("\n Enter how many rows and columns in matrix2:");

    scanf("%d%d",&row2,&col2);

    //accepting elements of matrix2

    for(i=0;i<row2;i++)

    {

        for(j=0;j<col2;j++)

        {

            printf("\n Enter element at %d %d: ",i,j);

            scanf("%d",&mat2[i][j]);

        }

    }

   

    //displaying matrix2

    printf("\n Matrix is :\n");

    for(i=0;i<row2;i++)

    {

        for(j=0;j<col2;j++)

         printf("\t%d",mat2[i][j]);
      printf("\n");
    }
    
    //to add matrices
    if(row!=row2 || col!=col2)
    {
        printf ("\n Addition not possible since orders of matrices is not same");
        return 0;
    }
    
    for(i=0;i<row;i++)

    {
        for(j=0;j<col;j++)
          add[i][j]=mat1[i][j]+mat2[i][j];

    }

   
    //displaying resulting matrix

    printf("\n Resulting Matrix is :\n");

    for(i=0;i<row;i++)

    {

        for(j=0;j<col;j++)
         printf("\t%d",add[i][j]);
        printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;

}







Output 1 :
Enter how many rows and columns in matrix1: 2 



2



Enter element at 0 0: 12 



Enter element at 0 1: 5 



Enter element at 1 0: 6 



Enter element at 1 1: 8 



Matrix1 is : 



12  5 



 6   8



Enter how many rows and columns in matrix2: 2



 3 



Enter element at 0 0: 56 



Enter element at 0 1: 12 



Enter element at 0 2: 43 



Enter element at 1 0: 7 



Enter element at 1 1: 8



Enter element at 1 2: 9 



Matrix is : 



56 12 43 



7    8    9 



Addition not possible since orders of matrices is not same







Output 2:





Enter how many rows and columns in matrix1: 2 



2 



Enter element at 0 0: 12 



Enter element at 0 1: 5 



Enter element at 1 0: 6 



Enter element at 1 1: 8 



Matrix1 is : 



12  5  



6   8 



Enter how many rows and columns in matrix2: 2 



2 



Enter element at 0 0: 56 



Enter element at 0 1: 12



 Enter element at 1 1: 7 



Enter element at 1 1: 8
 Matrix is : 



56    12



 7      8  





Resulting Matrix is:



 68   17



 13   16





3) Sorting of Array : 




    

  • Sorting is a process of arranging elements in specific order either increasing or decreasing. 
    • 

  • Let's see sample program to sort elements of array in increasing order.
    • 


#include<stdio.h>
int main()

 {
    int num[10];
    int n,i,j,temp;
 //accepting size of matrix
    printf("\n Enter how many elements in matrix:");
    scanf("%d",&n);
 //accepting elements of matrix
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
   {
     printf("\n Enter element at %d : ",i);
     scanf("%d",&num[i]);
   }
 //displaying matrix
    printf("\n Matrix is :\n");
   for(i=0;i<n;i++)
   {
      printf("\t%d",num[i]);
    }
 
 //Sorting array elements
     for(j=n;j>=1;j--)
    {
       for(i=0;i<j-1;i++)
      {
         if(num[i]>num[i+1])
        {
          //exchanging values to sort them
          temp=num[i];
          num[i]=num[i+1];
          num[i+1]=temp;
         }
      }
   }
 //displaying sorted array
     printf("\n Sorted array is : \n");
     for(i=0;i<n;i++)
        printf("\t %d ",num[i]);
    return 0;

 }


Output :

Enter how many elements in matrix:6
 Enter element at 0 : 12
 Enter element at 1 : 3
 Enter element at 2 : 56
 Enter element at 3 : 18
 Enter element at 4 : 6
 Enter element at 5 : 33
 Matrix is :
 12   3   56   18    6    33
 Sorted array is : 
 3   6    12    18    33    56























































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